Glossary of terms

Markets and exchanges

• NSE — National Stock Exchange of India. The larger of the two major equity exchanges by volume.
• BSE — Bombay Stock Exchange. The older exchange; now smaller in equity volumes but co-listed with NSE for most large companies.
• SEBI — Securities and Exchange Board of India. The market regulator.
• Mainboard — the regular equity listing platform on either NSE or BSE (as opposed to SME).
• SME — Small and Medium Enterprises. NSE Emerge and BSE SME are dedicated platforms for smaller companies with lighter listing requirements. See SME stocks.
• F&O — Futures and Options. The derivatives segment.

Investor types

• FII / FPI — Foreign Institutional / Portfolio Investor. Overseas funds investing in Indian equities.
• DII — Domestic Institutional Investor. Indian mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds.
• Retail — individual investors trading in their personal capacity.
• Promoter — founder, founding family, or party acting in concert. Large shareholders disclosed to exchanges.
• HNI / UHNI — High and Ultra-High Net-worth Individual. Wealthy individual investors.

Trade types

• Intraday — buy and sell the same day; positions squared off before close.
• Delivery — buy and hold overnight; shares transferred to your demat account. See delivery volume.
• Bulk deal — single-party trade of >0.5% of company shares during regular market hours.
• Block deal — minimum ₹10 crore pre-market trade in the 8:45–9:00 AM block window.
• Square off — closing an intraday position before market close.

Indicators and metrics

• PE ratio — Price-to-Earnings. Share price divided by earnings per share. Valuation multiple.
• PB ratio — Price-to-Book. Share price divided by book value per share.
• EV/EBITDA — Enterprise Value divided by Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Amortisation. Capital-structure-neutral valuation.
• ROE — Return on Equity. Net income divided by shareholder equity.
• ROCE — Return on Capital Employed. Operating profit divided by capital employed. Quality indicator.
• EPS — Earnings Per Share.
• OPM — Operating Profit Margin.
• D/E — Debt-to-Equity ratio.
• RSI — Relative Strength Index (14-period default). Momentum oscillator (0–100). <30 oversold, >70 overbought.
• MACD — Moving Average Convergence Divergence. Trend-following momentum indicator.
• SMA / EMA — Simple / Exponential Moving Average.
• ATR — Average True Range. Volatility measure.

Conviction engine terms

• Conviction band — signal strength. Strong / Moderate / Emerging / Weak. See bands and stance.
• Conviction stance — direction. Bullish / Bearish / Neutral.
• Core factor — one of four directional factors (delivery, volume, price trend, deals).
• Context factor — one of three confirming factors (breadth, flows, event).
• Conflict penalty — score deduction when factors oppose each other.
• Extension penalty — score deduction for RSI extremes (>76 or <24).

Filing terms

• XBRL — eXtensible Business Reporting Language. The structured format SEBI mandates for financial filings.
• Materiality — significance classification. Material / material+context / routine. See filtering filings.
• Board meeting — disclosure of an upcoming board meeting; usually announces results, dividends, fundraising, or M&A.
• Open offer — mandatory offer to public shareholders when promoter or acquirer crosses certain stake thresholds.
• Scheme of arrangement — a corporate restructuring proposal requiring shareholder approval.
• Insider trading disclosure — promoter or designated-person dealings under SEBI's PIT regulations.

Order and execution terms

• Limit order — order at a specific price or better.
• Market order — order at the best available price.
• Stop loss — order that triggers when price hits a threshold.
• VWAP — Volume-Weighted Average Price.
• Order book — list of pending buy and sell orders at various prices.

Index terms

• Free float — shares available for public trading (excluding promoter holdings and locked shares).
• Constituent — a stock that's part of an index.
• Rebalance — periodic update to an index's constituent list.
• Weight — a stock's contribution to an index, usually based on free-float market cap.

Platform-specific terms

• Universe — pre-defined stock list the screener will search over. See stock universes.
• Snapshot mode — screener using EOD data. See snapshot vs live mode.
• Live mode — screener using real-time polling.
• Watchlist — your saved list of symbols.
• Trade Journal — Pro feature tracking your trades with conviction-at-entry attribution.
• R-multiple — trade outcome expressed as a multiple of initial risk.

Common abbreviations

• Cr — crore. 1 crore = 10,000,000 (1 followed by 7 zeros).
• Lakh — 100,000.
• YoY — Year on Year (e.g. revenue growth vs the same quarter last year).
• QoQ — Quarter on Quarter (vs the previous quarter).
• IST — Indian Standard Time. UTC+5:30.
• EOD — End of Day.
• MTM — Mark to Market.
• AUM — Assets Under Management.
• PIT — Prohibition of Insider Trading (SEBI regulation).